Izikrini ze-TFT LCD zingobunye bobuchwepheshe bokubonisa obusetshenziswa kakhulu kumishini kagesi njengamanje. Ifinyelela ukuboniswa kwesithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu ngokwengeza i-transistor yefilimu encane (TFT) kuphikseli ngayinye. Emakethe, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikrini ze-TFT LCD, ngasinye sinezici zaso ezihlukile kanye nezinzuzo. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula uhlobo lwe-VA, uhlobo lwe-MVA, uhlobo lwe-PVA, uhlobo lwe-IPS nohlobo lwesikrini se-TN se-LCD, futhi sichaze amapharamitha azo ngokulandelana.
Uhlobo lwe-VA (Ukuqondanisa Okuqondile) ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile besikrini se-TFT LCD. Lolu hlobo lwesikrini luthatha uketshezi lwe-crystal molecule ehlelwe ngokuqondile, futhi izinga lokudluliswa kokukhanya lilawulwa ngokulungisa umumo wama-molecule ekristalu ewuketshezi. Izikrini ze-VA zinokugqama okuphezulu nokugcwala kombala, ezikwazi ukujula okumnyama nemibala yeqiniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikrini se-VA siphinde sibe nobubanzi obukhulu be-engeli yokubuka, esengagcina ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi yesithombe uma sibukwa ngama-engeli ahlukene. Imibala engu-16.7M (iphaneli ye-8bit) kanye ne-engeli yokubuka enkulu kakhulu izici zayo zobuchwepheshe ezisobala kakhulu. Manje amaphaneli ohlobo lwe-VA ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-MVA ne-PVA.
Uhlobo lwe-MVA (Ukuqondanisa Okuqondile Kwesizinda Esiningi) inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yohlobo lwe-VA. Lesi sakhiwo sesikrini sifinyelela ikhwalithi yesithombe engcono kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo ngokungeza ama-electrode engeziwe kumaphikseli. Isebenzisa ama-protrusions ukuze yenze ikristalu ewuketshezi ingabi ngendlela evamile uma imile, kodwa ime nge-engeli ethile; lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa kuyo, ama-molecule e-crystal ewuketshezi angashintshwa ngokushesha abe yisimo esivundlile ukuze avumele ukukhanya kwangemuva kudlule kalula. Isivinini esisheshayo singanciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokubonisa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kukhishwa kushintsha ukuqondanisa kwama-molecule e-crystal ewuketshezi, ukuze i-engeli yokubuka ibe banzi. Ukwanda kwe-engeli yokubuka kungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-160°, futhi isikhathi sokuphendula singafinyezwa sibe ngaphansi kuka-20ms. Isikrini se-MVA sinokugqama okuphezulu, i-engeli yokubuka ebanzi kanye nesivinini sokushintsha kwamaphikseli esisheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikrini se-MVA singaphinda sinciphise ukushintsha kombala nokufiphala kokunyakaza, sinikeze umphumela wesithombe ocacile futhi ocace kakhudlwana.
Uhlobo lwe-PVA (Ukuqondanisa Okumile Okunephethini) kungenye inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yohlobo lwe-VA. Lolu uhlobo lwephaneli eyethulwe ngabakwaSamsung, okuwubuchwepheshe bokulungisa isithombe esime mpo. Lobu buchwepheshe bungashintsha ngokuqondile isimo sesakhiwo seyunithi yayo yekristalu ewuketshezi, ukuze umphumela wokubonisa uthuthukiswe kakhulu, futhi ukukhanya okukhiphayo kanye nesilinganiso sokuqhathanisa kungaba ngcono kune-MVA. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo salezi zinhlobo ezimbili, izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zandisiwe: I-S-PVA ne-P-MVA yizinhlobo ezimbili zamaphaneli, ezijwayele kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe. I-engeli yokubuka ingafinyelela kumadigri angu-170, futhi isikhathi sokuphendula Iphinde ilawuleke phakathi kwama-millisecond angu-20 (ukusheshisa kwe-overdrive kungafinyelela ku-8ms GTG), futhi isilinganiso sokungafani singadlula kalula ku-700:1. Ubuchwephesha bezinga eliphezulu obunciphisa ukuvuza kokukhanya nokuhlakazeka ngokwengeza amaphethini ashukumisayo amahle kusendlalelo sekristalu ewuketshezi. Lobu buchwepheshe besikrini bunganikeza isilinganiso esiphezulu sokungafani, ububanzi be-engeli yokubuka kanye nokusebenza kombala okungcono. Izikrini ze-PVA zifanele izigcawu ezidinga ukugqama okuphezulu nemibala egqamile, njengokucutshungulwa kwesithombe namatiyetha.
Uhlobo lwe-IPS (In-Plane Switching) obunye ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile besikrini se-TFT LCD. Ngokungafani nohlobo lwe-VA, ama-molecule e-crystal ewuketshezi kusikrini se-IPS aqondaniswe endaweni evundlile, okwenza kube lula ngokukhanya ukuthi kudlule ungqimba lwekristalu oluwuketshezi. Lobu buchwepheshe besikrini bungahlinzeka ngebanga elibanzi lama-engeli wokubuka, ukukhiqizwa kombala okunembe kakhudlwana nokukhanya okuphezulu. Izikrini ze-IPS zifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ama-engeli wokubuka abanzi kanye nokunikezwa kombala wangempela, njengamadivayisi afana namathebulethi nomakhalekhukhwini.
Uhlobo lwe-TN (i-Twisted Nematic) ubuchwepheshe besikrini se-TFT LCD obuvame kakhulu futhi obuyongayo. Lolu hlobo lwesikrini lunesakhiwo esilula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke sisetshenziswa kakhulu kwinani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, izikrini ze-TN zinebanga elincane lama-engeli wokubuka nokusebenza kombala okungekuhle. Ilungele ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingadingi ikhwalithi ephezulu yesithombe, njengeziqaphi zekhompyutha nemidlalo yevidiyo.
Ngaphezu kokwethulwa kwezinhlobo zesikrini se-TFT LCD ezingenhla, imingcele yazo izochazwa ngezansi.
Esokuqala ukugqama (Contrast Ratio). Isilinganiso sokuqhathanisa isilinganiso sekhono ledivayisi yokubonisa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokumnyama nokumhlophe. Ukugqama okuphezulu kusho ukuthi isikrini singabonisa ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kokumnyama nokumhlophe. Izinhlobo ze-VA, i-MVA, ne-PVA yezikrini ze-LCD ngokuvamile zinezilinganiso eziphakeme zokungafani, ezihlinzeka ngemininingwane eminingi yesithombe nemibala eyengeziwe efana nempilo.
Kulandelwa i-engeli yokubuka (I-engeli yokubuka). I-engeli yokubuka isho ububanzi bama-engeli lapho ikhwalithi yesithombe engaguquki ingagcinwa khona lapho ubuka isikrini. I-IPS, VA, MVA, kanye nezinhlobo ze-PVA zezikrini ze-LCD ngokuvamile zinebanga elikhulu lama-engeli wokubuka, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bajabulele izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu uma zibukwa ngama-engeli ahlukene.
Enye ipharamitha isikhathi sokuphendula (Isikhathi Sokuphendula). Isikhathi sokuphendula sisho isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ama-molecule ekristalu ewuketshezi ashintshe esuka kwesinye isifunda aye kwesinye. Izikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha zisho ukuthi isikrini singabonisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana izithombe ezihambayo, sinciphise ukufiphala kokunyakaza. Izikrini ze-LCD zohlobo lwe-MVA ne-PVA ngokuvamile zinesikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo futhi zifanele izigcawu ezidinga ukusebenza kwesithombe esiguqukayo esiphezulu.
Okokugcina ukusebenza kombala (Color Gamut). Ukusebenza kombala kubhekisela kububanzi bemibala idivayisi eboniswayo engayinikeza. Izinhlobo ze-IPS ne-PVA zezikrini ze-LCD ngokuvamile zinebanga elibanzi lokusebenza kombala futhi zingabonisa imibala engokoqobo necacile.
Ukufingqa, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikrini ze-TFT LCD emakethe, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo ezihlukile kanye nezinzuzo. Uhlobo lwe-VA, uhlobo lwe-MVA, uhlobo lwe-PVA, uhlobo lwe-IPS, kanye nezikrini ze-LCD zohlobo lwe-TN ziyahlukahluka ngokungafani, i-engeli yokubuka, isikhathi sokuphendula, nokusebenza kombala. Lapho ukhetha isikrini se-LCD, abasebenzisi kufanele bakhethe uhlobo olufaneleka kakhulu ngokwezidingo zabo kanye nesabelomali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokusebenza kochwepheshe noma ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, ubuchwepheshe besikrini se-TFT LCD bunganikeza ikhwalithi yesithombe enhle kakhulu nolwazi lokubuka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-24-2023