Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, isidingo sezikrini zokubonisa ezigqamile nezinokulungiswa okuphezulu sikhule kakhulu. Olunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamaphaneli wokubonisa asetshenziswa kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi amaphaneli esikrini sombala we-Thin-Film Transistor (TFT). Lawa maphaneli ahlinzeka ngokubukeka okumangalisayo okunomfanekiso onembile wombala, okuwenza abe yinketho ekhethwayo yama-smartphones, amaphilisi, amathelevishini, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ukuhlukaniswa kanye nomgomo wokusebenza wamaphaneli esikrini sombala we-TFT ukuze sinikeze ukuqonda okuphelele kokusebenza kwawo.
Amaphaneli esikrini sombala we-TFT angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa: Amaphaneli Angaphakathi Endizeni (IPS) kanye namaphaneli e-Twisted Nematic (TN). Zombili izinhlobo zinezici ezihlukile futhi zisebenzisa izinjongo ezihlukile, okunikela ekwahlukeni okuphelele embonini yokubonisa.
Ukuqala ngamaphaneli e-IPS, aziwa ngokukhiqiza umbala kwawo okuphezulu kanye nama-engeli wokubuka abanzi. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa ilungiselelo lekristalu eliwuketshezi elivumela ukukhanya ukuthi kudlule ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela, okuholela emibaleni enembile necacile. Amaphaneli e-IPS ahlinzeka ngokunemba kombala okungaguquki ngaphandle kokubheka i-engeli yokubuka, okuwenza abe yinketho ekahle kubathwebuli bezithombe abangochwepheshe, abaklami bezithombe, kanye nabantu abafuna ukuzizwisa okubonwayo kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphaneli e-TN adume ngezikhathi zawo zokuphendula ngokushesha namanani entengo athengekayo. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa amakristalu awuketshezi asontekile lapho kungekho voltage esetshenziswayo, avimbe ukukhanya. Uma kusetshenziswa i-voltage, amakristalu awuketshezi ayanyakaziswa, avumele ukukhanya kudlule futhi kukhiqize umbala ofunekayo. Amaphaneli e-TN avame ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi ezinga lokungena njengoba ebiza futhi anikeza ukukhiqizwa kombala okwamukelekayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zansuku zonke.
Manje, ake singene esimisweni sokusebenza samaphaneli esikrini sombala we-TFT, sigxile kubuchwepheshe be-IPS njengoba buye baduma kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngaphakathi kwephaneli ye-IPS, kunezendlalelo ezimbalwa ezinesibopho sokubonisa okubonakalayo ngokunembile nangokunamandla.
Isendlalelo se-backlight, esibekwe ngemuva kwephaneli, sikhipha ukukhanya okumhlophe okudlula ku-polarizer. I-polarizer ivumela kuphela ukuzungeza okukhanyayo endaweni ethile ukuthi kudlule, okuholela ekukhanyeni okuqondile komugqa. Lokhu kukhanya kwe-polarized bese kufinyelela engxenyeni yokuqala yengilazi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-substrate yesihlungi sombala, equkethe izihlungi zombala ezincane ezibomvu, eziluhlaza, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (RGB). I-sub-pixel ngayinye ihambisana nomunye wale mibala eyinhloko futhi ivumela kuphela umbala wayo ofanele ukuthi udlule.
Kulandela i-substrate yesihlungi sombala ungqimba lwekristalu oluwuketshezi, oluhlanganiswe phakathi kwama-substrate amabili engilazi. Amakristalu awuketshezi kumaphaneli e-IPS aqondaniswe ngokuvundlile esimweni sawo semvelo. I-substrate yesibili yengilazi, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-backplane ye-TFT, iqukethe ama-transistors amafilimu amancane asebenza njengamaswishi amaphikseli ngamanye. Iphikseli ngalinye liqukethe amaphikseli amancane angavula noma avale kuye ngombala owufunayo.
Ukulawula ukuqondanisa kwamakristalu awuketshezi, inkambu kagesi isetshenziswa kuma-transistors efilimu elincanyana. Uma kusetshenziswa i-voltage, ama-transistors efilimu elincanyana asebenza njengamaswishi avumela i-current ukuthi idlule, iqondanise amakristalu oketshezi aqonde phezulu. Kulesi simo, ukukhanya kwe-polarized okudluliselwa ngezihlungi zombala kusontekile ngamadigri angama-90, okukuvumela ukuthi kudlule engxenyeni yesibili yengilazi. Lokhu kukhanya okusontekile bese kufinyelela endaweni epholile epholile, eqondaniswe ngokuqondile kuya kwephansi, okuholela ekujikelezeni kokukhanya okumhlophe kubuyele endaweni yakho yokuqala. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenza ukuba ukukhanya kudlule, kwakha umbala owufunayo.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zamaphaneli e-IPS yikhono lawo lokuhlinzeka ngokukhiqiza kabusha kombala okungaguquki kanye nama-engeli okubuka abanzi. Ngenxa yokuqondaniswa kwamakristalu awuketshezi, amaphaneli e-IPS avumela ukukhanya ukuthi kudlulise ngokulinganayo, okuholela emibaleni efanayo kuso sonke isibonisi. Ukwengeza, ama-engeli wokubuka abanzi aqinisekisa ukuthi okubonwayo kuhlala kuyiqiniso emibaleni yakhona yoqobo, ngisho nalapho kubukwa ngemibono ehlukene.
Sengiphetha, amaphaneli esikrini sombala we-TFT, ikakhulukazi i-IPS ne-TN technologies, aguqule imboni yesibonisi ngokubonakala kwawo okumangalisayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo. Amaphaneli e-IPS ahamba phambili ngokunemba kombala nama-engeli wokubuka abanzi, okuwenza alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile. Amaphaneli e-TN, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anikeza izikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, ebhekelela izidingo zabasebenzisi bansuku zonke. Ngokuqonda ukuhlukaniswa nomgomo wokusebenza wamaphaneli esikrini sombala we-TFT, singakwazi ukubona izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngemuva kwamadivayisi asebe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kule nkathi yedijithali.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-14-2023